March 12, 2021

Programmingempire

In this post, I will demonstrate several Examples of Query Operations using LINQ in C#. In order to get an overview of LINQ, you can read this article on Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) in C#.

Examples of Query Operations using LINQ in C#

Since LINQ helps us in creating queries that work with various kinds of data sources, we will use arrays for representing the data sources. In order to learn queries on SQL Server database, read this article on LINQ To SQL Examples.

Selection

Basically, the Selection operation returns the data. Further, this operation returns the whole data as well as the subset of data. Even more, it can also return the computed values. As an illustration, see the following examples.

Example 1

The following example shows how a selection operation is used to fetch values from an array of integers. Additionally, the query also returns the computed values.

using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace QueryOperations
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Data Source: ");
            int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
            foreach (int i in arr)
                Console.Write(i + " ");
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Examples of Selection...");
            var q1 = from p in arr
                     select (p, p + 1, p * p, p * p * p);
            foreach(var ob in q1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Item1: {ob.p}, Item2: {ob.Item2}, Item3: {ob.Item3}, Item4: {ob.Item4}");
            }
        }
    }
}

Output

**Examples of Query Operations using LINQ in C#**

Example 2

In a similar manner, we can also use an array of objects. The following example shows how an array of objects of the Employee class acts as the data source for the query. Furthermore, the query also returns a computed value called Increment.

class Employee
    {
        public String ename { get; set; }
        public int salary { get; set; }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return $"Employee Name: {ename}, Salary: {salary}";
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Employee[] arr1 = new Employee[]
            {
                new Employee{ename="A", salary=24000},
                new Employee{ename="B", salary=59000},
                new Employee{ename="C", salary=44000},
                new Employee{ename="D", salary=73000}
           };
            Console.WriteLine("Data Source: ");
            foreach (Employee ob in arr1)
                Console.WriteLine(ob + " ");
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("After Executing Selection Query: ");

            var q2 = from p in arr1
                     select new { p.ename, p.salary, Increment = p.salary * 0.2 };
            foreach (var ob in q2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Name: {ob.ename}, Salary: {ob.salary}, Increment: {ob.Increment}");
            }
        }
    }

Output

**Selection Query on an Object Array as the Data Source**

Sorting

The following examples illustrate sorting in LINQ.

Example 3

As shown in the next query, LINQ performs sorting using the orderby clause. Also, you can sort in descending order with the use of orderby …. descending clause.

Console.WriteLine("Examples of Sorting...");
            var q3 = from p in arr
                     orderby p descending
                     select (p, p * p);
            foreach (var ob in q3)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Item1: {ob.p}, Item2: {ob.Item2}");
            }

            var q4 = from p in arr1
                     orderby p.salary
                     select new { p.ename, p.salary, Increment = p.salary * 0.2 };
            foreach (var ob in q4)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Name: {ob.ename}, Salary: {ob.salary}, Increment: {ob.Increment}");
            }

Output

Filtering

Certainly, many times we need to retrieve data that satisfies certain criteria. Therefore, we need filtering. The following examples demonstrate filtering using the where clause.

Example 4

The following examples show the usage of where clause for filtering.

 Console.WriteLine("Examples of Filtering...");
            Console.WriteLine("Elements with values > 4");
            var q5 = from p in arr
                     where p>4
                     select (p, p * p);
            foreach (var ob in q5)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Item1: {ob.p}, Item2: {ob.Item2}");
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Employee Records where increment > 10000");
            var q6 = from p in arr1
                     where p.salary*0.2>10000
                     select new { p.ename, p.salary, Increment = p.salary * 0.2 };
            foreach (var ob in q6)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Name: {ob.ename}, Salary: {ob.salary}, Increment: {ob.Increment}");
            }

Output

Summary

In this article on Examples of Query Operations using LINQ in C#, the query operations on Selection, Sorting, and Filtering are covered. Furthermore, the examples also demonstrate the use of LINQ to Objects. In other words, the queries mentioned here operate on IEnumerable<T> collection.

Further examples on Join and Grouping queries are given here.

Programmingempire

Examples of Query Operations using LINQ in C#

Selection

Example 1

Example 2

Sorting

Example 3

Filtering

Example 4

Summary

Further Reading

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